The short-necked variety contained most of our modern instruments, "lutes, guitars, hurdy-gurdies and the entire family of viols and violins". Sachs also distinguished between the "long-necked lute" and the short-necked variety. His definition focused on body and neck characteristics and not on the way the strings were sounded, so the fiddle counted as a "bowed lute". Gandhara Lute, Pakistan, Swat Valley, Gandhara region, 4th-5th centuryĬurt Sachs defined lute in the terminology section of The History of Musical Instruments as "composed of a body, and of a neck which serves both as a handle and as a means of stretching the strings beyond the body". The player of a lute is called a lutenist, lutanist or lutist, and a maker of lutes (or any similar string instrument, or violin family instruments) is referred to as a luthier. As a small instrument, the lute produces a relatively quiet sound. The lute player either improvises ("realizes") a chordal accompaniment based on the figured bass part, or plays a written-out accompaniment (both music notation and tablature ("tab") are used for lute). It is also an accompanying instrument in vocal works.
During the Baroque music era, the lute was used as one of the instruments which played the basso continuo accompaniment parts. The lute is used in a great variety of instrumental music from the Medieval to the late Baroque eras and was the most important instrument for secular music in the Renaissance. The European lute and the modern Near-Eastern oud descend from a common ancestor via diverging evolutionary paths. By pressing the strings on different places of the fingerboard, the player can shorten or lengthen the part of the string that is vibrating, thus producing higher or lower pitches (notes). The lute is plucked or strummed with one hand while the other hand "frets" (presses down) the strings on the neck's fingerboard. The strings are attached to pegs or posts at the end of the neck, which have some type of turning mechanism to enable the player to tighten the tension on the string or loosen the tension before playing (which respectively raise or lower the pitch of a string), so that each string is tuned to a specific pitch (or note). The term also refers generally to any string instrument having the strings running in a plane parallel to the sound table (in the Hornbostel–Sachs system). More specifically, the term "lute" can refer to an instrument from the family of European lutes. Author and Co-Editor of works on jazz and literature.A lute ( / lj uː t/ or / l uː t/) is any plucked string instrument with a neck and a deep round back enclosing a hollow cavity, usually with a sound hole or opening in the body.
Brent Hayes Edwards Teaches in the English Department at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. Philosophical author, focussing on theory and history of writing. Klaus Detlef Thiel Studied philosophy and history at Trier University, Ph.D.
VIHUELA CHORD DICTIONARY DD PDF FREE
Free lance writer on literary and philosophical subjects.
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Since the 1970s, close relationships to Sun Ra and his works, setting up the world's most comprehensive Waitawhile Sun Ra Archive Sigrid Hauff Studied oriental languages and arts, philosophy, and romance studies at the universities of Tubingen and Istanbul. Hartmut Geerken Oriental studies, philosophy and comparative religion at the universities of Tubingen and Istanbul.
Many contributions to Sun Ra scholarship. Active musician in various bands in the DC area. Now works at the Library of Congress in the Music Division. Wolf Earned a music degree from Carleton College, and studied ethnomusicology at the University of Washington, Seattle. This is the only edition of Sun Ra's complete poetry and prose in one volume. Sun Ra's poetry leaves everything behind what's called contemporary, and flings out pictures of infinity into the outer space. Few only know that he also was a gifted thinker and poet. A talented pianist and composer in his own right, Sun Ra (1914 - 1993) founded and conducted one of jazz's last great big bands from the 1950s until he left planet Earth.
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